ABSTRACT
Dental pain is most commonly associated with the carious destruction leading to inflammation of the pulp or can also be pain present post operatively; however, much of the dental pain can be attributed to dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). The prevalence of DH is high enough (72.5 % to 98 %) to warrant the development of effective treatment. Surveys among dental professionals worldwide suggest that many lack adequate knowledge about this condition and its management. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of postgraduates and faculty regarding dentinal hypersensitivity in a tertiary dental care hospital in Bangalore. METHODSA descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff and post graduate students at Rajarajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore during October 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical committee. All the staff and post graduate students who were present on the day of study were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the study participants before the study and participation was entirely voluntary. RESULTSMajority of the participants routinely checked for the signs of DH (F - 77.2 % PG - 77 %) and considered DH as a serious problem (F - 87.5 % PG - 87 %). Participants also thought that DH has to be treated with an interdisciplinary approach (F - 75 % PG - 67.7 %). CONCLUSIONSThe study concludes that even though the knowledge and awareness of Dentinal Hypersensitivity was good, there existed uncertainty concerning diagnosis and management of the same.
ABSTRACT
Meningiomas are the most common non glial extra axial primary brain tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for between 16 to 20% of all intracranial tumors. Aim: In this study we tried to describe typical and atypical locations and findings of intracranial meningiomas on MRI and also MRI features of meningiomas that differentiate from other extra axial lesions. Methods: Studied population was advised to undergo MRI investigations for confirmation of meningiomas and to differentiate from other extra axial tumors and CT suggested in few cases for confirmation of calcification and boney changes. All MR imaging were performed with 1.5T bravo MR imaging unit with standard protocol. In operated cases, MRI findings were correlated with intraoperative findings and histopathological diagnosis. Results: Majority of meningioma patients were observed in the age group of 51-70 years i.e., 24 (80%) out of 30 cases. The most common site of occurrence are the cerebral convexities, parasaggital location/falx, posterior fossa, sphenoid ridge, olfactory groove and others accounting for 33.3%, 20%. 20%, 10%, 6.7% and 10% respectively. 67% of meningiomas showed homogenous enhancement, 56% cases had dural tail sign, 40% meningioma cases observed with CSF cleft, 37% of cases showed mass effect on surrounding arteries, cranial nerves, ventricular system and brainstem noted in twelve cases. 33% of cases noticed with perilesional edema, 30% had calcifications, 20% hyperostosis, 13% sinus invasion and 10% were others such as haemorrhages, cystic or non enhancement areas. Conclusions: As Meningiomas are not an uncommon tumors, radiologists should be aware of different MRI characteristics and locations of meningiomal tumors, this will help to arrive at accurate diagnosis especially in atypical and misleading meningioma features.
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Introduction: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is one of the common cause of Paediatric lymphadenopathy in India. This study was aimed to assess the usefulness of Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes as a diagnostic tool in suspected Tuberculosis and to observe the cyto morphological changes for better understanding of immune response. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted between the year 2016 to 2018 at Melmaruvathur tertiary care hospital. Children up to 14 years with suspected Tuberculosis symptoms and chronic lymphadenopathy irrespective of the sizes of nodes were subjected to Fine needle aspiration cytological study. Cyto smears morphology were observed and analysed. Results: A total of 81 cases were studied and the predominant age group affected were between five to ten years (n=46; 56.8%). 42 patients were female (51.9%) and 39 were male (48. 1%).Most of them had cervical nodes and 44% of nodes were less than 1 cm size. Out of 81 cases, 32 (39.5%) were diagnosed as nonspecific adenitis and 46 cases (56.8%) as granulomatous lymphadenitis. Among the size of the nodes, 57% of small nodes, 65% of medium sized nodes and 100% of large nodes showed granulomatous adenitis. Among sexes, female preponderance (63.1%) for granulomatous adenitis and male predominance (62.5%) for nonspecific adenitis were observed. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytological study of paediatric lymphadenopathy is a useful diagnostic indicator in suspected Tuberculosis even for small size nodes and can be recommended if clinically warranted.
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Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and retention of knowledge of two educational methods such as Mind Mapping and conventional teaching method amongdentalundergraduates. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional comparative interventional study was carried out among nal year dental undergraduates (n=80) at RajarajeshwariDentalCollege&Hospital,Bangalore.Studentsweredividedintotwogroups,GroupA:MindMappingGroup/testgroup(40)andGroupB: control group (40). A pretested questionnaire of 10 questions was used to asesess the knowledge at baseline, immediately after and a week after the intervention.Knowledgegainwastheprimaryoutcomevariableandretentionoftheknowledgeafteraweekisthesecondaryoutcome. Results:At the baseline the mean knowledge score was equal in both the group. Immediately after intervention, the mean knowledge score in the control group increased to 8.8, whereasin the mind map group, it increased to 9.4 and the difference wasfound to be statistically signicant(p = 0.003). One week afterintervention,themeanscoreinthemindmapgroupwassignicantlymorethanthetextgroup(9.3Vs8.6;p=0.003). Conclusion:Theresultsofthestudyshowedthatmindmappingmethodwasmoreeffectiveasateachingandlearningmethodthanthelecturebasedmethod
ABSTRACT
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a progressive and partially reversible disease, has drawn world-wide attention for its moderate prevalence rate and causing central and peripheral neuropathy. Considering its severity in causing visual pathway impairment, the present investigation was carried out to find out the functional integrity of the visual pathway through visual evoked potentials (VEP) and to determine the factors influencing the condition in COPD patients. A total of 30 COPD patients of both sexes, classified according to the severity of the disease based on spirometric indices, were subjected to VEP testing and series of wave forms were measured and compared with equal number of control subjects. The latency of N75 and P100 were prolonged (P<0.01) and the P100 amplitude was reduced significantly (P<0.01) in COPD patients. Thus, the influence of COPD causing the optic neuropathy is apparent from the significant VEP changes. Non-invasive procedure can possibly be utilized as a routine screening test for COPD patients for better medical care.
ABSTRACT
Context: In dental practical classes, the acoustic environment is characterized by high noise levels in relation to other teaching areas, due to the exaggerated noise produced by some of these devices and use of dental equipment by many users at the same time. Aims: To measure, analyze and compare noise levels of equipments among dental learning areas under different working conditions and also to measure and compare noise levels between used and brand new handpieces under different working conditions. Materials and Methods: Noise levels were measured and analyzed in different dental learning areas that included clinical, pre-clinical areas and laboratories selected as representatives of a variety of learning-teaching activities. The noise levels were determined using a precision noise level meter (CENTER® 325 IEC 651 TYPE II) with a microphone. The mean of the maxima was determined. The data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using t tests. Results: The noise levels measured varied between 64 and 97 dB(A).The differences in sound levels when the equipment was merely turned on and during cutting operations and also between used and brand new equipments were recorded. The laboratory engines had the highest noise levels, whereas the noise levels in high-speed turbine handpieces and the low-speed contra angle handpieces were decreased. Conclusion: The noise levels detected in this study are considered to be close to the limit of risk of hearing loss.